Microbes form a dominant group of organisms who have formed a commensal or pathogenic relationship with the multicellular organisms with whom they coexist. In this review, we explore the literature that describes the epigenetic interaction of bacteria, fungi and viruses, with their mammalian hosts.Ĭoexistence in the same ecological niche promotes interactions between different organisms. Microorganisms seem to have learned how to modify the host epigenetic code and modulate the host transcriptome in their favour. These modifications, also known as epigenetic code, do not change the DNA sequence but alter the expression level of specific genes. This change is usually brought by epigenetic modifications of the DNA itself, the histone proteins associated with the DNA in the chromatin, non-coding RNA or the modifications of the transcribed RNA. Epigenetics broadly refers to change in the phenotype without a corresponding change in the DNA sequence. ![]() ![]() Recent work, from many laboratories including our own, has shown that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the alteration of these cellular functions. The interaction of microbiota with its host has the ability to alter the cellular functions of both, through several mechanisms.
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